Glutathione is a vital antioxidant naturally produced by the liver and is composed of three amino acids: cysteine, glutamate, and glycine. It is crucial for immune function, tissue building and repair, and protecting the body from cellular damage. While available in oral forms, glutathione injections are used to achieve much higher concentrations in the body by bypassing the digestive system, which allows for greater absorption and more significant therapeutic and cosmetic effects. They are frequently offered in wellness and aesthetic clinics for benefits ranging from enhanced athletic performance and immune support to brighter, more even-toned skin.

As the body's primary antioxidant, glutathione works at a cellular level to combat oxidative stress by neutralizing harmful free radicals. This protective action helps reduce inflammation and supports overall cellular health. For skin lightening, its most popular off-label use, glutathione is believed to inhibit the activity of tyrosinase, the enzyme responsible for producing melanin. By altering the metabolic pathway of melanin, it's thought to shift the production from the darker eumelanin to the lighter pheomelanin, resulting in a brighter and more even skin tone over time.

Glutathione injections are administered either intravenously (IV) or intramuscularly (IM) and the treatment schedule can vary widely based on individual goals. It is important to note that the use of glutathione for skin lightening is considered off-label and has not been approved by the FDA. Potential side effects can range from mild issues like cramping and skin rashes to, in rare cases or with improper use, more serious concerns affecting kidney and liver function. Injections should only be performed in a sterile medical setting by a licensed professional to avoid risks such as infection. Consulting with a doctor is essential to discuss the potential benefits and risks to determine if this treatment is appropriate for you.